This lecture explores the critical foundations of sustainability by examining the historical shift from the Industrial Revolution to the current unstable epoch known as the Anthropocene. It highlights how rapid population growth, urbanisation, and a focus on GDP expansion have triggered the "Great Acceleration," leading to unprecedented environmental degradation and resource depletion. The presentation uses data to illustrate planetary boundary threats, such as rising carbon levels and biodiversity loss, while noting local crises like illegal mining in Ghana. To address these challenges, the source outlines the evolution of sustainable development through major international frameworks and agreements. Ultimately, it emphasizes a tripartite model of sustainability that requires balancing economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental health to protect the needs of future generations.
